The Human Brain Parts And Their Functions – The human brain is a part of the central nervous system. The human brain is about the size of two fists and weighs about 1.6 kg (3.5 lb) in men and 1.45 kg (1.45 kg) in women.
. The sex difference is proportional to body size, not intelligence. The organs of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into two groups, the brain and the spinal cord.
The Human Brain Parts And Their Functions
Together, the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system [CNS]) control your body’s physical and psychological functions.
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The brain, like the spinal cord, consists of gray and white matter. Gray matter—sets of neurosomes, dendrites, and synapses—forms a surface layer called the cortex over the cerebrum and cerebellum, and a deeper mass called the nuclei that is surrounded by white matter. In most parts of the brain, the white matter lies within the cortical gray matter, in contrast to the relationship between the gray and white matter of the spinal cord. Like the spinal cord, the white matter is made up of bundles of fibers or axons that connect one part of the brain to another and the spinal cord.
The brain is the large, outer part of the brain. The cerebrum makes up about 83% of the brain’s volume and consists of a pair of hemispheres called the cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere is marked by thin folds called gyri (singular, gyrus), which are separated by thin grooves called sulci (singular, sulcus). A very deep central groove, the longitudinal fissure, separates the right and left hemispheres. At the bottom of this fissure, the hemispheres are connected by a thick bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum—a landmark, a landmark of anatomical description, with a distinctive C-shape in sagittal section.
The cerebral hemisphere controls intellect, thought, emotions and language. It is also responsible for receiving and interpreting planned (voluntary) muscle movements (throwing a ball, walking, chewing, etc.) and sensory information such as sight, hearing, smell, touch and pain.
The cerebellum occupies the posterior part of the brain, below the cerebral cavity, which is separated from it by the transverse cerebral fissure. Cracks, folds and gyri (folia in the cerebellum) are also indicated. The cerebellum is the second largest region of the brain, accounting for about 10% of its volume but containing more than 50% of neurons.
Notes On Structure And Function Of The Brain
The cerebellum is located below the cerebrum at the back of the brain. It helps in coordination of movement. Cerebellar tumors can cause problems with coordination of walking, correct movements of the arms, hands, legs, and feet, swallowing or synchronizing eye movements, and changes in the rhythm of speech.
The brain stem is the lower part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord. It contains bundles of very long nerve fibers that carry signals between the brain and the rest of the body that control muscles and sensations or senses. Special centers in the brainstem also help regulate breathing and heartbeat. Also, most cranial nerves (see Figures 1 and 2) originate in the brain.
The brain stem is defined as the entire brain except the cerebrum and cerebellum. The brainstem is divided into 3 main parts, from the rostral (front part of the nose) to the caudal (posterior end), midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. In a living person, the brainstem is arranged as a vertical stem, with the cerebrum at the top like a mushroom cap. Postmortem changes give the body a more oblique angle and result in many medical imaging. Towards the posterior end, the brainstem terminates at the foramen magnum of the skull, and below it the central nervous system (CNS) continues as the spinal cord.
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During embryonic development, the brain can be divided into five continuous parts (see Figure 4). They are, from top to bottom:
Realistic Brain Anatomy Stock Vector. Illustration Of Mind
Note: (a) Primary vesicles at week 4 (embryo). (b) Secondary vesicles at week 5 (embryo). (c) Fully developed brain, color-coded to correlate its structures with secondary embryonic vesicles.
The cerebrum, the upper and outer part of the brain, contains the two cerebral hemispheres, and these hemispheres make up 83% of the brain’s total mass. They dominate the brain so much that many people incorrectly use the word brain when referring specifically to the cerebrum. The cerebral hemispheres cover the medulla and brainstem like a mushroom cap covers the top of its stem.
The various fissures seen in and around the cerebral hemispheres separate the main parts of the brain. The transverse fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres from the lower cerebellum, while the median longitudinal fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum consists of a cerebral cortex consisting of the superficial gray matter, the cerebral white matter within it, and the cerebral white matter within the white matter.
The two hemispheres of the brain are involved in basic functions such as receiving and analyzing sensory impulses, controlling skeletal muscles, and storing memory. However, in most people, the cerebellum is one of the hemispheres that controls the ability to use and understand language. In most people, the left hemisphere is responsible for language-related activities such as speaking, writing, and reading, as well as complex, verbal, analytical,
Draw A Labeled Structure Of The Human Brain. Write The Functions Of Three Parts Of The Brain?
And computer skills. In other cases, the right hemisphere is dominant for language skills, or the hemispheres are equally dominant. In the dominant hemisphere, Broca’s area controls the muscles involved in speech.
In addition to basic tasks, the nondominant hemisphere specializes in nonverbal tasks such as motor tasks that require spatial orientation of the body, understanding and interpreting musical patterns, and nonverbal visual experiences. The non-dominant hemisphere also governs emotional and intuitive thinking. The nerve fibers of the corpus callosum, which connect the cerebral hemispheres, allow the dominant hemisphere to control the motor cortex of the non-dominant hemisphere. These fibers also transmit sensory information reaching the non-dominant hemisphere to the dominant hemisphere, where the information can be used to make decisions.
On the surface of the cerebral hemispheres there are several raised grooves called sulcus (singular: sulcus, “groove”, “passages”). The twisted spines of brain tissue between the sulci are called gyri (singular: gyrus, “twister”). The more prominent gyri and sulci are common in all humans and are important physical landmarks. Some profound contrasts divide each cerebral hemisphere into five main lobes:
The frontal lobe is located deep to the frontal bone and fills the anterior corneal cavity. It extends posteriorly to the central sulcus, which separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. The precentral gyrus, which contains the primary motor cortex, is located immediately in front of the central sulcus.
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The frontal lobe contains functional areas that plan, initiate, and execute motor movements, including eye movements and speech production. The frontal part of the frontal cortex controls higher-order cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, decision-making, working memory, and other executive functions.
The parietal lobe extends to the parietal bones, posteriorly from the central sulcus to the parieto-occipital sulcus. A lateral groove forms its lower border. The postcentral gyrus, just behind the central sulcus, contains the primary somatosensory cortex. The parietal lobe processes sensory stimuli, enabling (1) general somatic sensation awareness; (2) spatial perception of objects, sounds, and body parts; and (3) speech understanding.
The occipital lobe is deep to the occipital bone and forms the most posterior part of the brain. It is separated from the parietal lobe by the parieto-occipital groove at the medial level of the hemisphere. The occipital lobe contains the visual cortex.
The temporal lobe is located on the posterior side of the hemisphere in the medial temporal cavity, deep to the temporal bone. It is separated from the superior parietal and frontal lobes by the deep lateral sulcus. The temporal lobe consists of the auditory cortex and the olfactory cortex. It also works to recognize objects, words and faces. in language comprehension; and in emotional response and memory.
What Makes The Human Brain Special
The insula (“island”) is buried in the lateral sulcus and forms part of the floor. The insula is covered by parts of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. The visceral sense of taste and general visceral sensation is located in the insula.
The cerebral cortex contains gray matter because it contains nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and very short, unmyelinated axons, but no fiber tracts. Although the cerebral cortex is only 2-4 mm thick, its numerous rings and grooves triple its surface area to 2500 cm2, the size of a large desk calendar, and about 40% of the brain’s total mass. .
The cerebral cortex contains 14-16 billion neurons, and about 90% of the human cerebral cortex is a six-layered tissue called the neocortex, due to its relatively recent evolutionary origins. The six layers of the neocortex vary from one part of the brain to another in relative thickness, cell structure, synaptic connections, neuron size, and the destination of their axons. IV. For example, layer V is thickest in sensory areas, and layer V is thickest in motor areas. Each axon that leaves the cortex
